Despite a few cases of long-responder patients, immunotherapy with anti-PD-(L)1 has so far proved rather disappointing in monotherapy in metastatic breast cancer, prompting the use of synergistic therapeutic combinations incorporating immunotherapy by immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In addition, a better understanding of both the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to immunotherapy, as well as the immunological effects of the usual treatments for breast cancer, make it possible to rationally consider this type of therapeutic combination. For several years, certain treatments, commonly used to treat patients with breast cancer, have shown that in addition to their direct cytotoxic effects, they may have an impact on the tumor immune microenvironment, by increasing the antigenicity and/or immunogenicity of a “cold” tumor, targeting the immunosuppressive microenvironment or counteracting the immune-exclusion profile. This review focuses on preclinical immunologic synergic mechanisms of various standard therapeutic approaches with anti-PD-(L)1, and discusses the potential clinical use of anti-PD-1/L1 combinations in metastatic or early breast cancer.
40,800+ All Color Cancer Ribbon Stock Photos, Pictures & Royalty
Cancers, Free Full-Text, sonic sprites modgen
All Cancer Ribbon Stock Illustrations – 552 All Cancer Ribbon
Cancers, Free Full-Text
Cancers, Free Full-Text, clube aurora ao vivo
Cancers, Free Full-Text, clube aurora ao vivo
Cancers, Free Full-Text, hana hana no mi awakening
Study selection flow chart. (Non-small cell lung cancer: NSCLC
Cancer Free - StickbyNik
Cancer Drug Resistance indexed in PubMed Central
Cancers, Free Full-Text
What are screening tests?: get your free infographic